{"id":3511,"date":"2024-11-21T16:50:35","date_gmt":"2024-11-21T14:50:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lmanew.e6318.servidornet.com\/veeco-bruker-multimode-8-afm\/"},"modified":"2026-02-13T12:25:44","modified_gmt":"2026-02-13T10:25:44","slug":"multimode-afm-system-bruker","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lma.unizar.es\/en\/multimode-afm-system-bruker\/","title":{"rendered":"Multimode AFM systems (Bruker)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#e4e4e4&#8243; positioning=&#8221;none&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;12px||6px|||&#8221; sticky_position=&#8221;top&#8221; border_width_bottom=&#8221;2px&#8221; border_color_bottom=&#8221;#f4f4f4&#8243; box_shadow_style=&#8221;preset3&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_2,1_2&#8243; use_custom_gutter=&#8221;on&#8221; gutter_width=&#8221;1&#8243; make_equal=&#8221;on&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.14.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; max_width=&#8221;80%&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;1px||3px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_enable_color=&#8221;off&#8221; link_option_url=&#8221;http:\/\/sai.unizar.es\/solPrestSAI\/&#8221; link_option_url_new_window=&#8221;on&#8221; border_color_all=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; border_width_right=&#8221;2px&#8221; border_width_left=&#8221;4px&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; background__hover_enabled=&#8221;on|hover&#8221; background_color__hover=&#8221;&#8221; background_enable_color__hover=&#8221;off&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.14.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;|||on|||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;14px&#8221; link_text_color=&#8221;#333333&#8243; background_enable_color=&#8221;off&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;|5px||5px|true|true&#8221; border_color_all=&#8221;RGBA(0,0,0,0)&#8221; border_color_right=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; border_color_left=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; link_text_color__hover=&#8221;#4370b4&#8243; link_text_color__hover_enabled=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sai.unizar.es\/solicitudes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Access on demand<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.14.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_enable_color=&#8221;off&#8221; link_option_url=&#8221;https:\/\/calendar.google.com\/calendar\/u\/0\/embed?height=1024&#038;wkst=1&#038;bgcolor=%23ffffff&#038;ctz=Europe\/Madrid&#038;mode=WEEK&#038;title=LMA+AFM+calender&#038;src=Y181ZGM0OTM1MDExZmVjNjc2NGQ3MjEwZTA4Y2E3ZGRlOWRlNTViODE0YTJlNDJiNTEzMWY4MjJlY2Y4N2M5ODhjQGdyb3VwLmNhbGVuZGFyLmdvb2dsZS5jb20&#038;src=Y19mMThmMGRhMmJmMWI1MDQ4OWRjZDQzMzY3ZDRjODM5M2Q3OTQ4MDYwMWYwZWMzMTRjNjdmOTA3NDVhZjk1MWM4QGdyb3VwLmNhbGVuZGFyLmdvb2dsZS5jb20&#038;src=Y181NDRjZTU3MjBiY2Q2MmNlZmU2NWU5MTMyY2QxMDYxNGE2MGViYTdmMDk3MzYyZGIzZDJhOTAxZDQzNTEwNmJmQGdyb3VwLmNhbGVuZGFyLmdvb2dsZS5jb20&#038;src=ZXMuc3BhaW4jaG9saWRheUBncm91cC52LmNhbGVuZGFyLmdvb2dsZS5jb20&#038;color=%23F4511E&#038;color=%234285F4&#038;color=%23AD1457&#038;color=%230B8043%22+style%3D%22border:solid+1px+#777%22%20width=%221024%22%20height=%221024%22%20frameborder=%220%22%20scrolling=%22no%22&#8243; link_option_url_new_window=&#8221;on&#8221; border_color_all=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; border_width_right=&#8221;4px&#8221; border_width_left=&#8221;2px&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; background__hover_enabled=&#8221;on|hover&#8221; background_color__hover=&#8221;#4370b4&#8243; background_enable_color__hover=&#8221;on&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.14.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;|||on|||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;14px&#8221; link_text_color=&#8221;#333333&#8243; background_enable_color=&#8221;off&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;|5px||5px|true|true&#8221; link_option_url=&#8221;https:\/\/calendar.google.com\/calendar\/u\/0\/embed?height=600&#038;wkst=1&#038;ctz=Europe\/Madrid&#038;showPrint=0&#038;title=AFM+LMA&#038;src=YjRhNzRhYjM5NTJhN2ZlZjIxODY0NWJlMGViNWQ4MGJkMmZmZjM1ZDEzZDAyM2I5NDI1N2NjM2I4YmViZTI3MkBncm91cC5jYWxlbmRhci5nb29nbGUuY29t&#038;src=NWM2NmI3YThjY2UwM2ViZGRjNjFjNWMzYTViNWYzNDhiNmJhYzAyZGQ3MzE1NTk4ZWQ2NGZkOWY0OWRjMWU5MUBncm91cC5jYWxlbmRhci5nb29nbGUuY29t&#038;src=NmE5NDk4Mzk4NTk2ODM4ZjY0YTVlYjI5YjMxYjMwNWU4ZjdkYjM1Mzc3MDBlODdjYmUxMjQ5ZDM1ZWM0ZTIwZkBncm91cC5jYWxlbmRhci5nb29nbGUuY29t&#038;color=%23EF6C00&#038;color=%23039BE5&#038;color=%238E24AA&#8221; link_option_url_new_window=&#8221;on&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; border_color_all=&#8221;RGBA(0,0,0,0)&#8221; border_color_right=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; border_color_left=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; link_text_color__hover=&#8221;#4370b4&#8243; link_text_color__hover_enabled=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/calendar.google.com\/calendar\/u\/0\/embed?height=600&amp;wkst=1&amp;ctz=Europe\/Madrid&amp;showPrint=0&amp;title=AFM+LMA&amp;src=YjRhNzRhYjM5NTJhN2ZlZjIxODY0NWJlMGViNWQ4MGJkMmZmZjM1ZDEzZDAyM2I5NDI1N2NjM2I4YmViZTI3MkBncm91cC5jYWxlbmRhci5nb29nbGUuY29t&amp;src=NWM2NmI3YThjY2UwM2ViZGRjNjFjNWMzYTViNWYzNDhiNmJhYzAyZGQ3MzE1NTk4ZWQ2NGZkOWY0OWRjMWU5MUBncm91cC5jYWxlbmRhci5nb29nbGUuY29t&amp;src=NmE5NDk4Mzk4NTk2ODM4ZjY0YTVlYjI5YjMxYjMwNWU4ZjdkYjM1Mzc3MDBlODdjYmUxMjQ5ZDM1ZWM0ZTIwZkBncm91cC5jYWxlbmRhci5nb29nbGUuY29t&amp;color=%23EF6C00&amp;color=%23039BE5&amp;color=%238E24AA\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Calendar<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;25px||20px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_2,1_4,1_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; max_width=&#8221;75%&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||6px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.14.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;16px&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;2em&#8221; ul_line_height=&#8221;2em&#8221; header_2_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; header_2_font_size=&#8221;23px&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Multimode V and Multimode VIII<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.14.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;16px&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;2em&#8221; ul_line_height=&#8221;2em&#8221; header_2_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; header_2_font_size=&#8221;23px&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Scanning Probe Microscopies are key enabling techniques in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, supporting a wide range of multidisciplinary activities. The LMA hosts various multipurpose AFM\/STM heads that cover a broad range of applications under near ambient conditions. Our facility houses two Multimode AFMs from Bruker (originally fabricated by Veeco and then absorbed by Bruker). Both a Multimode V and a Multimode VIII offer high-quality imaging in contact and dynamic modes. The instruments are mounted on vibration isolation damping tables allowing the operation at very low noises. The samples surface can be held in ambient conditions, in well-defined gaseous atmospheres as well as be immersed in liquid (using a liquid-cell.). Sample temperature can be varied in a range of \u201322 to 200 \u00b0C<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.14.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;16px&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;2em&#8221; ul_line_height=&#8221;2em&#8221; header_2_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; header_2_font_size=&#8221;23px&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><strong>Key Features<br \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Highest environmental control;<\/li>\n<li>remarkable variety of AFM modes;<\/li>\n<li>PeakForce\u2122 (Multimode VIII) and HarmoniX\u2122 (Multimode V) for efficient quantitative nanomechanical characterization\u201d;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/lma.unizar.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/DSC00220.jpg&#8221; title_text=&#8221;DSC00220&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.14.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; width=&#8221;100%&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;|0px||||&#8221; border_radii=&#8221;on|15px|15px|15px|15px&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.14.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Veeko Multimode VIII<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/lma.unizar.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/veeco5.jpg&#8221; title_text=&#8221;veeco5&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.14.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; width=&#8221;100%&#8221; border_radii=&#8221;on|15px|15px|15px|15px&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.14.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Veeko Multimode V<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;21px||16px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=&#8221;on&#8221; make_equal=&#8221;on&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; max_width=&#8221;75%&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_tabs active_tab_background_color=&#8221;#2ea3f2&#8243; inactive_tab_background_color=&#8221;#4370b4&#8243; active_tab_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.14.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; tab_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; tab_font=&#8221;|700||on|||||&#8221; tab_font_size=&#8221;15px&#8221; tab_line_height=&#8221;3em&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; border_radii=&#8221;on|15px|15px|15px|15px&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_tab title=&#8221;What kind of information can be obtained with these instruments?&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.14.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><strong>.The following information can be obtained with our SPM instruments:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Surface morphology<\/strong>. Sample surface topography with resolution down to 2 \u00c5.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Quantitative Nano Mechanics (QNM Peakforce\u2122)<\/strong>. Quantitative local measurement of the sample\u2019s elastic modulus, adhesion and deformation as well as the tip-sample energy dissipation on surfaces (on Multimode VIII only)<\/li>\n<li><strong>HarmoniX\u2122<\/strong> for mechanical characterization. (Multimode V only)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Closed-loop long-range Z-scanner (Pico Force)<\/strong> for force spectroscopy applied on biomolecules, complexes and cells, bacteria and virus<\/li>\n<li><strong>Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy<\/strong> for Nanomechanical studies by means of Pull\u2010push experiments for inter and intra- molecular force measurements, with 1 pN resolution.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Lateral force microscopies (LFM)<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Torsional Resonance Mode (TRmode\u2122)<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Conductive AFM (c\u2010AFM)<\/strong>. Quantitative local electrical resistance measurements.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Scanning Capacitance Microscopy (SCM)<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Scanning Spreading Resistance Microscopy (SSRM)<\/strong> for 2D charge carrier mapping on semiconductor surfaces<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kelvin Force Probe Microscopy (KPFM)<\/strong>. Qualitative measurements of local surface contact potential.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Electric Force Microscopy (EFM) <\/strong>for the detection of surface charge distribution and differences in surface potential<\/li>\n<li><strong>Magnetic Force Microscopy (MFM)<\/strong> for the detection of surface magnetization.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Piezoresponse Force Microscopy (PFM, on-field only)<\/strong>. Using the tip as electrode and surface deformation sensor.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Electro-chemical properties (EC\u2010SPM)<\/strong>. Study of chemical reactions on surfaces under controlled environments.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/et_pb_tab][et_pb_tab title=&#8221;Sample requirements&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.14.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]The sample should be immobilized onto a flat substrate (for instance, biomolecules should be immobilized onto a mica surface via adsorption or via a covalent procedure).<br \/>\nThe sample should exhibit a lower roughness than the range of the piezo scanner.<br \/>\nThe size of the sample should be small enough to fit inside of the microscope, around 1 cm<sup>2<\/sup> in surface and 0.5 cm in thickness.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Types of samples that can be studied with the environmental SPMs include:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Biological samples (DNA, proteins and peptides; cells, viruses and bacteria; biological tissues, etc.).<\/li>\n<li>Organic and inorganic thin films.<\/li>\n<li>Gels and Polymers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/et_pb_tab][et_pb_tab title=&#8221;Technical Specifications&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.14.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><strong>Environment:<\/strong> Air, gas, liquid and electrochemical cell<br \/><strong>Temperature range:<\/strong> [-25, 200] \u02daC<br \/><strong>Scanner (exchangable)<\/strong>: <strong>type J<\/strong>: 125 \u00b5m(X) x 125 \u00b5m(Y) x 5 \u00b5m(Z), <strong>type E<\/strong>: 12 \u00b5m x 12 \u00b5m x 3 \u00b5m; <strong>PicoForce<\/strong> 40 \u00b5m(X) x 40 \u00b5m(Y) x 20 \u00b5m(Z)<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_tab][\/et_pb_tabs][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_4,1_4,1_4,1_4&#8243; use_custom_gutter=&#8221;on&#8221; gutter_width=&#8221;2&#8243; make_equal=&#8221;on&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; max_width=&#8221;75%&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;|auto|20px|auto||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/lma.unizar.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Fig1-Veeco-Web_elecmi-05_2020.jpg&#8221; title_text=&#8221;Fig1-Veeco-Web_elecmi-05_2020&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||7px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><em>Fig 1: Air topography of Rizobacteria<\/em><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/lma.unizar.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Fig5-Veeco-Web_elecmi-05_2020.jpg&#8221; title_text=&#8221;Fig5-Veeco-Web_elecmi-05_2020&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||7px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><em>Fig 2: Graphene nanoflakes on mica<\/em><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/lma.unizar.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Fig4-Veeco-Web_elecmi-05_2020.jpg&#8221; title_text=&#8221;Fig4-Veeco-Web_elecmi-05_2020&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||7px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<em>Fig 3: Topography and magnetic signal (phase contrast) from a focus ion beam fabricated nanostructure.<br \/>\n<\/em>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/lma.unizar.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Fig3-Veeco-Web_elecmi-05_2020.jpg&#8221; title_text=&#8221;Fig3-Veeco-Web_elecmi-05_2020&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||7px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<em>Fig 4: Simultaneous Topography and electrical conductivity from nanoelectrodes.<br \/>\n<\/em>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_4,1_4,1_4,1_4&#8243; use_custom_gutter=&#8221;on&#8221; gutter_width=&#8221;2&#8243; make_equal=&#8221;on&#8221; disabled_on=&#8221;off|off|off&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.14.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; max_width=&#8221;75%&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;|auto|20px|auto||&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/lma.unizar.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/nanoob5.jpg&#8221; title_text=&#8221;nanoob5&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.14.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||7px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.14.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><em>Fig 5: Stainless steel, resiscope mode, 1\u00b5m<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/lma.unizar.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/nanoob6.jpg&#8221; title_text=&#8221;nanoob6&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.14.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||7px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.14.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><em>Fig 6: Stainless, MFM mode, 18\u00b5m<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/lma.unizar.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/nanoob7.jpg&#8221; title_text=&#8221;nanoob7&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.14.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||7px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.14.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><em>Fig 7: Magnetic triangles structures, MFM mode, 4.5\u00b5m<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/lma.unizar.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/nanoob8.jpg&#8221; title_text=&#8221;nanoob8&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.14.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||7px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.14.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><em>Fig 8: Nanotube on ITO, Soft ResiScope mode, 6\u00b5m<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/lma.unizar.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Fig2-Veeco-Web_elecmi-05_2020.jpg&#8221; title_text=&#8221;Fig2-Veeco-Web_elecmi-05_2020&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<em>Fig 5: Force spectroscopy of proteins with a biofunctionalized AFM tip<br \/>\n<\/em>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; min_height=&#8221;179px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;9px||-9px|||&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px||4px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=&#8221;on&#8221; gutter_width=&#8221;4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; max_width=&#8221;75%&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;0px|auto||auto||&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;55px||||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; 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